⚠️ Because they are part of the volume metadata, some versions of macOS may not include the space occupied by them when calculating free and used disk space. Each file and folder can have an effectively unlimited number of xattrs, each of which can be more than 100 KB. As such they are out of reach of normal file tools, and can only be accessed using tools specifically intended to work with xattrs. xattr, but are stored centrally on each volume.Įxtended attributes are not stored in the main data for files, but in the Attributes area of the volume metadata. □ xattrs are not hidden files with the extension. They are not normally used to store metadata such as EXIF, and those associated with other media files, which are normally part of the file data. Other xattrs attach details of the website from which a file was downloaded, and they are used by macOS Server. The most prominent is implementing the quarantine flag which indicates that an app has been downloaded from the internet and requires full Gatekeeper checks. MacOS and applications use xattrs for various purposes. Extended attributes are quite widely used in other file systems, in Linux and BSD, for example. In macOS, files and folders can also have forks, which are implemented as extended attributes: a resource fork becomes resource metadata in a xattr. In Classic MacOS, many files have resource forks to contain structured metadata: a classic app, for example, stores definitions of windows, menus, dialogs, etc., in its resource fork. Extended attributes associate metadata with individual files and folders.
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